Joan B. Gottschall (born 1947) is a United States federal judge.
Born in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Gottschall received a B.A. from Smith College in 1969 and a J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1973. She was then in private practice in Chicago, Illinois until 1976, and again from 1978 to 1982, serving as a staff attorney of the Federal Defender Program in Chicago from 1976 to 1978. She was a staff attorney in the legal office of the University of Chicago from 1982 to 1984.
She was a United States Magistrate for the Northern District of Illinois from 1984 to 1996. On March 29, 1996, Gottschall was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by James Byron Moran. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 25, 1996, and received her commission on August 1, 1996.